EMERGING SECURITY THREATS IN THE MIDDLE EAST – ASHOK SWAIN

Increasingly, the Middle East and its growing population face a highly complex and fragile security system. The rich deposits of natural resources, such as oil and gas, are strained by a renewable resource base that includes water and arable land, leading to water scarcity, desertification, and land degradation. Rising population, industrialization, and urbanization place increasing demand on the food supply. Energy insecurity may not be commonly associated with the Middle East, but countries in the eastern Mediterranean have traditionally been vulnerable because their fossil‑fuel endowments are low. Another issue is large‑scale temporary labor migration and the high number of forced migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons. The book analyzes these emerging security challenges in a comprehensive, systematic manner, drawing national and regional security issues into both global and human security perspectives.

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